World Coins

Silver Token

Silver Token

Mother's Day 2010 - Silver Jewellery Gifts To Make Her Day!

Mother’s Day falls on Sunday 14th March this year. On this special day, show your love and appreciation for all your Mother does for you by giving her a silver jewellery gift that can be treasured forever.

The new range of Affirmations silver jewellery at Oishii Jewellery is perfect for thoughtful Mother’s Day gifts. Each piece in the contemporary jewellery range is inscribed with messages of love and positivity, allowing you to choose a present that is more meaningful than just a bunch of flowers.

Silver Affirmations Poetry Bangle - a gorgeous bangle bearing the love-affirming message, 'We do not remember days...We remember moments'.

Silver Affirmations Love Bracelet - a chunky silver bracelet which bears a tag with the simply perfect statement, 'Love is what makes it all worthwhile'.

Silver Dream Necklace - a beautiful necklace featuring the word ‘Dream’, suspended from a fine silver chain.

The new range at Oishii also includes silver poesy rings which carry the message, 'May we love forever', or the wonderful love note, 'Mon coeur est a vous', which translates as 'My heart is yours'. These make perfect keepsakes for your wife or partner, or as a gift for a new mum.
Forget the usual Mother's Day gifts of chocolates and flowers, and give a silver love token that can be treasured forever. These expressions of love can be worn again and again, each time reminding her of why she loves you so much!

Oishii Jewellery is here to make jewellery gift buying a joy this Mother's Day , and there is still time to choose the perfect gift.

View the full range today, visit Oishii at http://www.oishii-jewellery.co.uk/mothers_day_gifts.html for Mother's Day jewellery gifts delivered with love!

 

 

 

About the Author

Libby Clark writes for Oishii Jewellery Ltd, a company specializing in silver jewellery and gifts at affordable prices. View their entire range online at http://www.oishii-jewellery.co.uk/silver-jewellery.html 

Token gift to a client who was elected recently?

A pretty good client of mine was just elected to mayor of her town (I have no idea why the election was held yesterday, and not in November).
I thought it would be neat to give her a silver coin as a present - it's durable and attractive.
Here's why I'm asking the question here - the last election she participated in was a tie between herself and the incumbent. She lost to him by a coin toss.
I thought it would be fitting to send her a nice coin, and a sincere note of congratulations along with it.
Do you think the coin would upset her, or do you think a sincere "congratulations" would make it clear that I meant it in a good way?

I think it would be very thoughtful... and I doubt she would be offended..... she may even find humor in it later on realizing the coin's significance in the past
Good idea... a nice note along with it would be perfect

removing the tarnish from a silver coin in 47 seconds

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Silver Great

Silver Great

The Meaning of the Silver Wedding Ring

Silver wedding rings are really popular in the world we live in today. Along with gold and white gold, silver tops the list of most popular precious metals used to make wedding rings all across the globe. But, where did the wedding ring originate? And what is the meaning behind this precious metal that holds the key to so many hearts? By tradition, the brides ring was silver while, and the grooms' would be gold. But, today almost any type of metal may be used for the wedding ring of both the groom and the bride. Silver wedding rings are traditionally placed on the left hand and on the ring finger. The reason for this placement on the hand goes back many years as far as medieval times.

The wedding ring is placed on the ring finger because of the belief that a vein in that finger runs directly to the heart, making the wedding ring a symbol of love and commitment. The silver wedding ring symbolizes eternal love between two people, it is considered to be one of the most romantic of precious metals, and is often combined with diamonds. These beautiful rings make the perfect gift for anniversary, engagement, and of course, make the perfect wedding rings.

Silver Wedding Rings and Where to Buy Them

Every fine jewelry store across the nation and beyond sells high quality silver wedding rings. They can be bought online, but it is a good idea to go to a jeweler and have the ring sized perfectly for your finger, although if you are sure about your ring size ordering ready made rings too are a good choice. There are many to choose from. Wedding rings come in all different styles and can be great for men or women, because the variety of styles can be either masculine or feminine. Nowadays, a lot of people prefer the look of silver with diamonds, which makes for a very sophisticated and glamorous look. Although they are somewhat expensive, silver wedding rings are a great choice when choosing the right wedding ring for you.

A few of the styles that are popular with silver rings are the original wedding bands, Celtic silver wedding bands, and braided bands, just to name a few. Some people like the look of the classic wedding band - it is simple, clean, and relatively lower in price than those containing white gold or diamonds. But some times, it is the precious stones combined with the silver wedding ring that really completes the look.

Silver wedding ring is all a choice of taste; in some cases, people even have them engraved with special names or words. And a lot of jewelers will allow you to have your rings engraved for no extra charge. You should always choose a ring that reflects your personal style and has a comfortable fit. You should accept nothing but one that you absolutely love because in most cases you will be wearing it for a considerable long time. Remember that silver is a precious metal and it can be costly depending on the ring, but mostly they are reasonably priced, and there are hundreds of ready made rings to choose from. But no matter the cost the silver wedding ring is a symbol love, and should be cherished.

Katya Coen provides information on silver wedding rings and other wedding ring topics for The Wedding Blogger - your guide to weddings.

Where to get a great facial in Silver Spring, MD?

I'm looking for a place to get a great facial in Silver Spring, but the Internet has not been helpful. If you've had a facial in a spa in Silver Spring and can recommend the place, please let me know. Thanks.

The Natural Body Spa is not too far from Silver Spring. I've had most of their services and they're awesome. The staff is really great too. Check out the website. I hope you like it....http://www.naturalbody.com/

LCD Soundsystem - "Someone Great"

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Australia Florin

Australia Florin

Human Papilloma Virus – a Review

HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS – A REVIEW

Sameera Mohotti (BSc, MSc, MD(MA))

INTRODUCTION

HPV is one of the most common sexually transmitted viral diseases. It is

estimated that 80% of sexually active adults have been infected with one or more genital HPV types at one point of their life time. The prevalence of HPV is increasing worldwide. Although it is

difficult to estimate the overall prevalence of HPV infection, it is estimated that the prevalence could be as high as 20 million (Revzina 2005). The total health care cost associated with the screening and treatment of cervical cancer in the U.S. is estimated to be $6 billion per year (Koutsky 1997). A US sero prevalence study performed by Revizina et al revealed that the highest prevalence of

HPV is among college students and women attending STD clinics Data from clinics in Australia indicate a prevalence of 4- 13% among STD clinic attendants Following initial infection, HPV establishes latent infection, from which symptomatic recurrences may develop periodically (Revzina 2005),(Armstrong 1986).

The main aim of this review was to evaluate the current literature regarding the types of HPV, symptoms and its pathogenesis.

SPECTRUM OF HPV INFECTION

Over 200 types of HPV have been classified on the basis of their DNA sequence homology. 85 HPV genotypes are well characterized.

HPV can be grouped as high risk HPV and low risk HPV based on their association with cancer and precursor lesions. High risk HPV’s have a high oncogenic potentials. This group includes serotypes 16,18,31,33, 34, 35,39,45,51,52,56,58,59,66,68. Low risk HPV’s have less oncogenic potentials and usually results in the formation of low grade precancerous lesions. This group includes

serotypes 6, 11, 42, 43, 44. This difference in the capacity to induce malignant transformation is due to the functional difference seen in E6 and E7 proteins of the two groups (Burd 2003; Longworth and Laimins 2004).

Although many HPV infections are sub clinical, symptomatic HPV infection typically results in lesions. Each HPV serotype infects certain parts of the body and responsible for different types of lesions. According to the current classification system (Bethesda system) of HPV lesions, there are three main groups. They are anogenital warts, low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (cervical / anal intraepithelial neoplasia and mild dysplasia) and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (moderate and severe dysplasia).Cervical/anal/vulvar/penile carcinomas usually develop from high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (University 2001).

Genital warts (proliferative foci of epithelial keratinocytes infected with HPV) appear as bumps or abnormal growths in the genital area. This is one of the commonest clinically recognized disease manifestations of genital HPV. These are usually found in vulva, urethra, anus, and vagina and on the cervix. Warts are extremely contagious and they occasionally lead to cancer of the cervix in

women or cancer of the penis in men (Lacey 2005).

The presence of abnormal cells on the surface of the skin is called dysplasia.

Dysplasia is not a cancer and mild dysplasia is likely to self resolve. However, mild, moderate and severe dysplasia could be progressed in to a cancer, if not detected and treated at its early stage. Studies indicate that even adolescents with low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions are also at high risk for progression to high-grade cervical abnormalities (Wright, Pinto et al. 2004).

BASIC VIROLOGY

HPV is a nonenveloped, double stranded circular DNA virus with a diameter of 5.5 nm. The genome is approximately 8 Kb in size and encased in an icosahedral capsid which is composed of 72 capsomeres. Capsid comprises of an outer protein coat which consists of two capsid proteins, L1 (major) and L2 (minor) (Sapp, Volpers et al. 1995).

HPV genome is functionally divided in to 3 regions .They are the upstream regulatory region, early region and the late region. The upstream regulatory region involves in viral replication and also controls the transcription of some sequences in the early region. The early region of the genome encompasses 6 open reading frames (ORF’s) named E1, E2, E4, E5, E6 and E7. These encode proteins involved in viral replication, transcription and cellular transformation. E6 and E7 regions are responsible for the oncogenic properties of HPV. The late region encompasses two ORF’s and these encode L1 and L2 structural proteins which is necessary for capsid production (Sapp, Volpers et

al. 1995).

PRODUCTIVE HPV INFECTION

HPV gain entry into the host cells through the basal layer of the epithelium. In initial infection HPV is present as an episome. It has been proposed that HPV-6 attaches to the host cells via ?6-intergrin in the epithelium cells; where as, HPV16 and HPV 33 attach to host cells via cell surface heparin sulphate. The papilloma viral gene expressions are linked with the differentiation stages of the epithelium and virus multiplies as it progresses through the natural epithelial cell maturation (Giroglou, Florin et al. 2001).

During viral replication, the E1 gene product (E1 protein) binds to the viral origin of replication and this result in the extra chromosomal replication of the viral genome. The E2 gene product (E2 protein) down-regulates the E6 and E7 regions to allow the normal differentiation process of the cell. The capsid genes L1 and L2 synthesize the capsid protein and envelopes each episomal DNA in a protein capsid. The E4 gene product (E4 protein) is associated with the maturation and release of papilloma virus particles(Burd 2003),(Longworth and Laimins 2004).

The productive viral stage results in flat or papillary lesions. Since the papilloma virus replication goes hand in hand with the epithelial cell differentiations, as the lesions are formed the superficial and intermediate epithelial layers would contain a large amount of viral DNA. The accumulations of viral particles in the superficial epithelial layers provoke the cells to the koilocytosis cytopathic effect. This gives rise to koilocytes, in which the cellular nucleus is displaced to the side with a 'hollow' appearance of the cytoplasm. The virus particles are released as dying koilocytes are shed (zur Hausen 1991; Longworth and Laimins 2004).

PATHOGENESIS OF ONCOGENIC HPV

When a person gets infected with high-risk HPV, it may take up to 20 years for the

cancer changes to appear. This persistency of HPV infection is necessary for the malignant transformation of the cells. In HPV associated benign lesions, the HPV DNA is usually located extra chromosomal where as in HPV associated cancers , the HPV DNA is usually found integrated in to host genome. Integration of high risk HPV DNA in to the host cell disrupts the E2 region. This results in the loss of normal E2 down-regulation of E6 and E7 which leads to the up-regulation of the two HPV viral oncogenes; E6 and E7.These E6 and E7 gene products has the ability to destabilize the cell growth regulatory and modify the cellular environment in which it replicates (Jan M. M. Walboomers 1999; Yoshinouchi, Hongo et al. 1999; Burd 2003).

pRB and pRb related proteins are critical components of the cell cycle as they seize the

transcription factor E2F which is necessary for the functions of the cell cycle. When E7 proteins bind to the pRB, pRB-E2F complex gets disrupted and this results in the E2F liberation. This disruption affects the normal functions of the cell. E6 viral gene product, the E6 protein, targets the immunosuppressor protein p53 (low risk HPV type’s bind p53 in decreased affinity). The p53 protein prevents cells from completing the cell cycle and up-regulates genes involved in DNA repair, if it comes across any DNA damage. Another important function of the p53 protein is to instruct a cell with DNA damage to commit suicide. If the p53 function is inactivated then these damaged cells would continue to divide and accumulate mutations which would eventually lead to the formation of a tumor.

When E6 protein binds to p53, E6 associated ubiquitin ligase catalyzes ubiquitin ligase mediated p53 degradation. This destroys the tumor suppressive properties of p53 (Syrjanen 1999; Ha and Califano 2004).

The ability of E6 and E7 gene products to disrupt the cellular p53 and pRB protein functions result in, increase cell proliferation and genomic instability. Eventually the cell accumulates damaged DNA/mutations which may lead to the formation of fully transformed cancerous cells. The low risk HPV’s appear to be unable to integrate in to the host genome. But low risk serotypes like HPV 6, 11 may result in chromosomal instability which would lead to the accumulation of mutational events, which in turn may form fully transformed cancerous cells .In addition to the E6 and E7 protein function, methylation of viral DNA, telomere activations, humoral and immunogenic factors also contribute to the cellular transformations (Holowaty, Miller et al. 1999; Burd 2003).

REFERENCES

Armstrong, B. K., O. V. Allen, B. A. Brennan, I. A. Fruzynski, N. H. de Klerk, E. D. Waters, J.

Machin, and M. M. Gollow (1986). "Time trends in prevalence of cervical cytological abnormality in

women attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic and their relationship to trends in sexual

activity and specific infections." Br J Cancer 54: 669-75.

Burd, E. M. (2003). "Human Papillomavirus and Cervical Cancer." Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 16: 1-17.

Burd, E. M. (2003). "Human Papillomavirus and Cervical Cancer." Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 16(1): 1-17.

Giroglou, T., L. Florin, et al. (2001). "Human Papillomavirus Infection Requires Cell Surface Heparan Sulfate." J. Virol. 75(3): 1565-1570.

Ha, P. K. and J. A. Califano (2004). "The role of Human Papilloma Virus in oral carcinogenesis." Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 15(4): 188-196.

Holowaty, P., A. B. Miller, et al. (1999). "Natural History of Dysplasia of the Uterine Cervix." J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 91(3): 252-258.

Jan M. M. Walboomers, M. V. J., M. Michele Manos, F. Xavier Bosch, J. Alain Kummer, Keerti V. Shah,

Peter J. F. Snijders, Julian Peto, Chris J. L. M. Meijer, Nubia Muñoz, (1999). "Human papillomavirus is a necessary cause of invasive cervical cancer worldwide." The Journal of Pathology 189(1): 12-19.

Koutsky, P., Laura. (1997). "Epidemiology of Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection." The American Journal of Medicine 102: 3-8.

Lacey, C. J. N. (2005). "Therapy for genital human papillomavirus-related disease." Journal of

Clinical Virology Supplement: Human Papillomaviruses 32(Supplement 1): 82-90.

Longworth, M. S. and L. A. Laimins (2004). "Pathogenesis of Human Papillomaviruses in Differentiating Epithelia." Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 68(2): 362-372.

Revzina, N. V., and R. J. Diclemente (2005). "Prevalence and incidence of human papillomavirus infection in women in the USA: a systematic review." Int J STD AIDS 16: 528-37.

Sapp, M., C. Volpers, et al. (1995). "Organization of the major and minor capsid proteins in human papillomavirus type 33 virus-like particles." J Gen Virol 76(9): 2407-2412.

Syrjanen, S. M., and K. J. Syrjanen. (1999). "New concepts on the role of human papillomavirus in cell cycle regulation." Ann Med 31: 175-187.

University, J. s. H. (2001). "HPV-induced Anal Dysplasia: What Do We Know and What Can We Do About It?" (Online)

Wright, J. D., A. B. Pinto, et al. (2004). "Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance in Girls and Women ." Obstet Gynecol 103(4): 632-638.

Yoshinouchi, M., A. Hongo, et al. (1999). "Analysis by Multiplex PCR of the Physical Status of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 DNA in Cervical Cancers." J. Clin. Microbiol. 37(11): 3514-3517.

zur Hausen, H. (1991). “Human papillomaviruses in the pathogenesis of anogenital cancer." Virology

184: 9-13.

About the Author

Sameera Mohotti (BSc, MSc, MD(MA))

How much is the 1954 Australian Florin?

It has the Queen Elizabeth II on it which represented her visit to Australia in 1954.

The florin was worth 24 pence or two shillings or a tenth of a pound, and was replaced by the 20cent coin in 1966 when Australian currency was decimalised.

This site gives a price range for commerative florins
http://www.coins-stamps.com.au/index_files/page0016.htm

But shop around! Also, note that UNC means un-circulated, that is, a coin that was never used. This doesn't mean one that your gran got and then kept in a sock-draw.

Xonia Without Cha- Video Diary PART 2: Dedicatie pentru Florin Minzala- Monden.info

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Solid Silver

Solid Silver

What is the best thing to use to clean solid sterling silver? ( .925 purity silver)?

I found and purchased an antique car collection for my father for Christmas. It has small, individual cars grooved into 1-inch silver chunks. It needs to be cleaned before I give it to him. But I'm afraid I'll damage it. Have any solutions? Thanks in advance!
anyone agree with k-mom's answer?
ok, now I don't know what to think!?! can someone assure me that these methods won't ruin them?

Actually, I found a site that recommends some of the methods already listed:

Silver tarnishes when exposed to air. This occurs more quickly in damp and foggy weather, but is inevitable in any climate. Store in treated paper or cloth, or plastic film.

Methods of cleaning silver should be determined by the value placed on it, monetary or sentimental, and the design of the pattern. Silver with deeply "carved" patterns that are enhanced by an oxide or French gray finish should be hand polished with a high quality silver cream or polish.

Hand rubbing develops patina on silver which adds to its beauty. Ornamental silver pieces that have been lacquered may be washed in lukewarm water; hot water could remove the lacquer. Polishing silver while wearing rubber gloves promotes tarnish. Instead, choose plastic or cotton gloves.

Silver has enemies. Rubber severely affects silver. Rubber corrodes silver, and it can become so deeply etched that only a silversmith can repair the damage. Raised designs can be lost permanently. Avoid using storage cabinets or chests with rubber seals, rubber floor coverings, rubber bands, etc.

Other enemies of silver include table salt, olives, salad dressing, eggs, vinegar and fruit juices. Serve these foods in china or glass containers. Although flowers and fruit look lovely in silver containers, the acid produced as they decay can etch the containers and cause serious damage. When using silver containers, use plastic or glass liners.

Baking Soda: Apply a paste of baking soda and water. Rub, rinse, and polish dry with a soft cloth. To remove tarnish from silverware, sprinkle baking soda on a damp cloth and rub it on the silverware until tarnish is gone. Rinse and dry well.

Aluminum Foil, Baking Soda, and Salt: Place a sheet of aluminum foil in the bottom of a pan, add 2-3 inches of water, 1 teaspoon baking soda, 1 teaspoon salt, and bring to a boil. Add silver pieces, boil 2-3 minutes, making sure the water covers the silver pieces. Remove silver, rinse, dry, and buff with a soft cloth. This method cleans the design and crevices of silver pieces.

Toothpaste: To clean off tarnish, coat the silver with toothpaste, then run it under warm water, work it into a foam, and rinse it off. For stubborn stains or intricate grooves, use an old soft-bristled toothbrush.

No, I DON'T guarantee it!

Solid silver Helicopter was a gift.

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Silver Rare

Silver Rare

Great Deals on Jewelry, Stainless Steel, Sterling Silver, Natural Stones

 

We recently opened up an online jewelry store, and even though our inventory only consists of a few hundred products, we are super excited about promoting it and getting as much traffic as possible. We want to be a great source on information about natural stones, how they form, where to find them (go on treasure hunts), and of course jewelry which has been crafted with them.

Natural Stones such turquoise and blue opal are beautiful and precious. They can inspire artists, and complete the perfect look. Asoreforbeauty.com is proud to announce that it’s creating itself as a source for information and products relating to sterling silver, stainless steel, and natural stones.

Owned and operated by women, our site has a specific collection inspired and gathered by the owner herself, Nara Tamazian. Her goal is to make elegance and class affordable to everyone. Our Sterling silver designs, which are inspired by David Yurman, cost only a fraction of what you will find in David Yurman NYC, or Saks Fifth Avenue. Yet the beauty of each item is phenomenal.

Sterling Silver is jumping higher and higher in cost, and our silver prices still don’t reflect this hike. Because our inventory was purchased before the price increase, we can still afford to sell silver at the same rate as two years ago.

And our natural stones are not composite stones, mixed from turquoise shavings and compressed. Although some items have been created in such a style, they were chosen to be a part of our collection anyway, because of their sheer beauty and timelessness: the finest coral, sapphires, rubies, Swarovski crystals, and even “glass”.

Stainless steel is resistant to corrosion and staining it an ideal base material for a men’s jewelry and watches. In fact most of men’s jewelry is either stainless steel or tungsten. It can be re-finished by any jeweler and, unlike silver, will not oxidize and turn black.

Opal is a mineraloid gel, which can range from clear through white, yellow, orange, red, blue, green, shore, rose, pink, slate, olive, brown, magenta, gray and black. Usually, the most rare and dear considers reds against black.

Onyx is a cryptocrystalline form of quartz. The colors of its bands range from white to almost every color (have some purple and blue shades) commonly, specimens of onyx available contain bands of colors of white, tan, and brown. Pure black Onyx is common, and perhaps the most famous variety, but not as common as Onyx with banded colors.

Turquoise is rare, valuable and ornamental stone for thousands of years. The colors of turquoise are blue, blue-green, and green. Hardness and richness of color are two of the major factors in determining the value of turquoise; while color is a matter of individual taste, generally speaking, the most desirable is a strong sky to "robin's egg" blue. However, in Tibet, greener blue is preferred more. Being a phosphate mineral, turquoise is inherently fragile and sensitive to solvents; perfume and other cosmetics will attack the finish and may alter the color of turquoise gems, as will skin oils, as will most commercial jewelry cleaning fluids. Prolonged exposure to direct sunlight may also discolor or dehydrate turquoise. Because of that, cosmetics, including sunscreen and hair spray, should be applied before putting on turquoise jewelry, and they should not be worn to a beach or other sun-bathed environment. After use, turquoise should be gently cleaned with a soft cloth to avoid a build up of residue, and should be stored in its own container to avoid scratching by harder gems. Turquoise can also be adversely affected if stored in an airtight container.

Swarovski crystal contains approximately 32% lead to maximize refraction and those crystals allow light to refract in a rainbow spectrum.

Gemstones that are associated with each month considered as Birthstones. They may be precious stones, such as diamonds, or semi-precious, such as Lapiz Lazuli. They considered lucky for their particular months and their healing powers heightened during their months. Therefore, if you are born in December then your Birthstone is the Turquoise, and you will get the most benefit from turquoise by wearing it in December. For October, it is Opal and so on. Since each birthstone has heightened powers during its month then some people buy a set of all twelve and rotate them for each month. Astoreforbeauty.com offers all kinds of gemstones.

Webmasters, contact us for link exchange, and affiliate systems.

About the Author

Nara is typical Californian, obsessed with fashion and jewelry, she has been digging up the best deals and only the best looks. For more information please visit at - www.astoreforbeauty.com.

I found a quarter wich the face of it is brown not silver but the back is silver is this rare?

It's probably dirt but, on an unlikely note, could be a result of sintering.

The best way to find out the value of your coin to take it to a coin dealer. So much of value depends on the condition of your coin and the current market value. A dealer would be able to grade your coin and tell you the value.

For more info on sintering:
http://coincommunity.com/forum/topic.asp?whichpage=1&TOPIC_ID=17954

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